Everything about Particle Detector totally explained
In experimental and applied
particle physics and
nuclear engineering, a
particle detector, also known as a
radiation detector, is a device used to detect, track, and/or identify high-energy
particles, such as produced by
nuclear decay,
cosmic radiation, or reactions in a
particle accelerator. Modern detectors are also used as calorimeters to measure energy of the detected radiation. They may also be used to measure other attributes such as momentum, spin, charge etc. of the particles.
Description
Detectors designed for modern accelerators are huge, both in size and in cost. The term "
counter" is often used instead of detector, when the detector counts the particles but doesn't resolve its energy or ionization. Particle detectors usually can also track ionizing radiation (high energy
photons or even visible
light). If their main purpose is radiation measurement, they're called radiation detector, but as photons can also be seen as (massless) particles, the term particle detector is still correct.
Examples and types
Many of the detectors invented and used so far are ionization detectors (of which
gaseous ionization detectors and
semiconductor detectors are most typical) and
scintillation detectors; but other, completely different principles have also been applied, like Cherenkov light and transition radiation.
Historical Examples
Detectors for Radiation Protection
Dosimeter
Electroscope (miniature electroscopes are used as portable dosimeters)
Commonly used detectors for Particle and Nuclear Physics
Calorimeter
Time of flight detector
Photographic plates
Cherenkov detector, Aerogel detector
Transition radiation detector
Scintillation counter and associated Photomultiplier or Photodiode/Avalanche photodiode
Semiconductor detector
Gaseous ionization detectors
Z-sensitive Ionization and Phonon Detector coupled Superconducting Transition Edge Sensors (ZIP detectors)
Modern detectors
Modern detectors in particle physics combine several of the above elements in layers much like an onion.
Installations of particle detectors
At colliders
At CERN
Super-Kamiokande
Further Information
Get more info on 'Particle Detector'.
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